The pancreas is a vital gland located in the upper abdomen, just behind the stomach. It plays a key role in producing digestive enzymes and important hormones.
Pancreatic cancer develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the pancreas. It is the tenth most common cancer in the UK. Unfortunately, it is often diagnosed late because early symptoms are rarely noticeable.
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Most signs only appear when the cancer becomes more advanced — and even then, they can be vague or easily mistaken for symptoms of other conditions. The symptoms a person experiences may also depend on where the cancer begins in the pancreas: the head, body, or tail. The most common form is ductal adenocarcinoma, which starts in the cells that create digestive juices.
Cancer Research UK highlights several symptoms to watch for:
Stomach or Back Pain
Persistent or unexplained abdominal pain that may spread to the back can be a warning sign. This discomfort often worsens after meals. Early on, the pain may come and go, but it typically becomes more constant as the tumour grows.
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Jaundice
Many people with pancreatic cancer develop jaundice — yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by a buildup of bilirubin. This usually occurs when a tumour blocks the bile duct.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Losing weight without trying is a common sign of many cancers, including pancreatic cancer.
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Digestive Issues
Loose stools, oily or foul-smelling stools, or difficulty digesting food may occur when cancer interferes with the pancreas’s ability to produce enzymes.
Changes in Bowel Habits
A blocked pancreatic duct can lead to steatorrhoea (fatty stools), which means the body isn’t absorbing nutrients properly. Diarrhoea or constipation may also occur.
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New-Onset Diabetes
Sometimes, pancreatic cancer disrupts insulin production, leading to diabetes in people with no prior history of the condition.
Fatigue
Ongoing tiredness and low energy are common symptoms associated with many cancers, including pancreatic cancer.
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Blood Clots
People with pancreatic cancer have a higher risk of developing blood clots in the legs, known as deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Fever and Shivering
Those with jaundice or inflammation of the pancreas may experience occasional fevers and shivering episodes.
Itchy Skin
Jaundice can also cause itching due to a buildup of bile salts in the bloodstream.
While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer is still unknown, several factors can increase risk — including smoking, obesity, age, and certain genetic predispositions.
Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only. For personal medical advice, please consult a healthcare professional.
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