Dark circles under the eyes are a common concern that many people experience at some point in their lives. These shadows or discolorations can be caused by a variety of factors—some harmless, others potentially more serious.
The skin beneath our eyes is thinner and more delicate than elsewhere on the body, making it especially vulnerable to discoloration and changes in blood flow.
In most cases, dark circles are linked to temporary conditions such as lack of sleep, fatigue, or natural aging. However, they can also signal underlying health issues. But before jumping to conclusions, let’s explore the more common and less serious causes.
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Common Causes of Dark Circles
One frequent cause is hyperpigmentation, which results from increased melanin production in the skin. This condition can be triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, allergic dermatitis, swelling (edema), or simply the aging process. Though not harmful, hyperpigmentation can often be managed through dietary changes and proper skincare.
Swelling under the eyes—sometimes referred to as puffiness—can be caused by allergic reactions or fluid retention. As we age, the skin's collagen weakens, and gravity can cause sagging, resulting in the appearance of under-eye bags and darker shadows due to fat displacement.
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More Serious Underlying Causes
In some cases, dark circles may be linked to more significant health concerns, including:
- Poor blood circulation: If you gently press on the area under your eye and the darkness temporarily fades but returns quickly, sluggish circulation may be the cause.
- Food intolerances or allergies: According to the Mayo Clinic, certain food allergies—particularly to ingredients or preservatives—can show up as dark circles, sometimes referred to as "allergic shiners."
- Iron deficiency (anemia): Perhaps the most serious cause is low iron levels. Iron is vital for producing hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. When your body doesn't get enough, oxygen delivery to tissues suffers, often resulting in dark discoloration under the eyes. Other symptoms of iron deficiency may include fatigue, frequent illness, and dizziness.
When to See a Doctor
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While dark circles are often harmless and treatable with lifestyle adjustments, persistent or worsening symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider, especially if they are accompanied by other signs of illness.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your doctor or a qualified health provider regarding any medical concerns or conditions. Do not ignore medical advice based on the information presented here.
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